The.Netearthquakehitsit(byDavidChappell)

MILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">軟件開發的世界是一個充滿變化的地方。新思想涌現并很快體現為新技術。有時這些新技術可以逐漸被吸收，添加到軟件從業人員已有的知識當中。另外一些時候，這個變化太大以至于不能被視為逐步的更新。在這種時候，software developers，architects和managers都經歷一個底層架構的變化，一個他們的世界的地震。

The world of software development is a volatile place. New ideas appear and are quickly embodied in new technologies. Sometimes those new technologies can be absorbed incrementally, adding to what software professionals already know. Other times, the changes are too great to be introduced as gradual innovations in what already exists. In cases like this, software developers, architects, and managers all experience a fundamental tectonic shift, an earthquake, in their world.

 微軟的.Net的產生就是這種地震。它將影響每一個工作在windows環境下的人員，并且也將震動更大范圍的世界。一次做了這么大的變動，Microsoft使我們近期的生活因為要去掌握太多的東西而變得更艱難。一旦我們掌握這些新工具、技術，不管怎樣，大部分的Windows開發人員會發現他們能夠在更短的時間建立更強大更有用的軟件。

Microsoft’s .Net initiative is this kind of earthquake. it will affect everybody who works in the windows environment, and it will generate aftershocks in the wider world, too. by giving us so much change to adapt to at once, Microsoft has made our lives more difficult in the short run—there's a lot to learn. Once we've absorbed this new set of tools and technologies, however, most windows developers will find themselves capable of building more powerful, more useful software in less time.

 定義.Net

Defining .Net

Microsoft 把.Net當作數字未來的一個景象，一個平臺。一個更具體而且同樣精確的考慮Microsoft的這個動作的方法是把.Net當作一種標簽，在它上邊Microsoft應用了幾種新技術。一些技術是完全新的，提供新的服務和新的可能。其他一些提供更好的方式生成我們今天看到的這種Windows應用。. Net家族還有一些部分僅僅是穿著打上.Net標簽外衣的傳統技術的新版本。

Microsoft views .Net as a vision, a platform for the digital future. A more concrete and equally aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccurate way to think about this initiative is to understand that .Net is a brand, one that Microsoft has applied to several different technologies. Some of these technologies are entirely new, providing new services and new possibilities. Others allow an updated approach to creating the kinds of windows applications we know today. Still other parts of the .Net family are just new releases of existing technologies dressed up with the .Net brand.

 .Net中最重要的新技術是Web Service.如同名字顯示的，一個Web Service提供一些功能，這些功能能夠以編程方式通過Web調用。大部分打著.Net標簽的技術在一些程度上提供對Web Service的直接支持。然而.Net不僅僅是Web Service. 現在Microsoft放在.Net名譽下的技術還包括下面這些：

The most important new technology in .Net is web services. as the name suggests, a web service provides some function that can be invoked programmatically via the web. most technologies that carry the .Net brand have direct support for web services in some way, yet .Net is more than just web services. The technologies that Microsoft has placed under the .Net umbrella today include the following:

²              the .Net framework(.Net框架)：包括 the common language runtime (公共語言運行時)(CLR)以及.Net Framework Class Library(.Net 框架類庫 ). CLR是建立新型應用的標準基礎，而.Net Framework Class Library 為CLR基礎的應用提供了許多新型服務的標準實現。在這些類庫中的技術有ASP. Net,下一代的ASP; ADO. Net, 下一代的ActiveX數據對象; 建立及使用Web Service的支持；以及其他一些技術。Microsoft也發行了the .Net framework 的裁減版，稱為 .Net compact framework.這個版本主要被用于在更小的設備如 personal digital assistants (PDA)(個人數字助理).

²              The .Net framework: includes the common language runtime (CLR) and the .Net Framework Class Library. The CLR is a standard foundation for building a range of new applications, while the .Net Framework Class Library provides standard implementations of many new services for CLR-based applications. Among the technologies in the library is ASP. Net, which is the next generation of active server pages (asp); ado. Net, the next generation of ActiveX data objects; support for building and using web services; and much more. Microsoft is also releasing a trimmed-down incarnation of the .Net framework called the .Net compact framework. This version is intended for use in smaller devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDA).

²              visual Studio.NET:支持幾種能夠配合使用.Net framework的語言。這些語言包括visual basic. Net,下一代的visual basic; 一個c++的增強版;以及一個專門為.Net framework設計的稱為C#的全新的語言。

²              Visual Studio.NET: supports several programming languages that can be used with the .Net framework. These languages include visual basic. Net, which is the next generation of visual basic; an enhanced version of c++; and a wholly new language called c# designed explicitly for the .Net framework.

²              . Net my services: 一組通過internet可以訪問的服務，通過他們用戶可以存儲、訪問個人信息，如calendar[行事歷]和address book[地址薄]. 這些服務業提供更通用的功能如authentication，同意客戶證明它的身份，以及一種發送Alert信息給不同設備上的用戶的途徑。

²              . Net my services: a group of services that allow users to store and access personal information, such as a calendar and address book, on internet-accessible servers. these services also provide more general features such as authentication, which allows a client to prove its id entity, and a way to send alert messages to clients on various devices.

²              the .Net enterprise servers[.Net企業服務器]:一個軟件服務器家族，包括BizTalk server 2000, Application center 2000, Commerce server 2000, Host integration server 2000, SQL server 2000, Exchange server 2000, Mobile information server 2001, 以及 Internet security and acceleration server 2000.在當前的版本中，這些產品和大程度上獨立于其他列在這里的.Net技術。他們既不使用.Net framework也不提供對Web Service的直接支持。

²               The .Net Enterprise Servers: a family of software servers that includes BizTalk server 2000, application center 2000, commerce server 2000, host integration server 2000, SQL server 2000, exchange server 2000, mobile information server 2001, and internet security and acceleration server 2000. in their current releases, these products are largely independent from the other .Net technologies listed here. They don't, for example, make use of the .Net framework, nor do they provide much direct support for web services.

 理解.Net要求理解Web Service.也至少要求基本掌握任何列在上邊的技術。

Understanding .Net requires understanding web services. It also requires grasping at least the basics of each of the .Net technologies listed above.

David Chappell is principal at Chappell & associates, an education and consulting firm focused on enterprise software technologies. He can be reached via e-mail at david@davidchappell.com.