Running The Tomcat 4.0（英文，關鍵部分譯成了中文。）

               Running The Tomcat 4.0 Servlet/JSP Container
               ============================================

This subproject contains Tomcat 4.0, a server that implements the Servlet 2.3
and JSP 1.2 Specifications from Java Software.  In order to install and run
this container, you must do the following:
怎么要讓tomcat跑起來呢？

(0) Download and Install a Java Development Kit
下載安裝jdk,并設置java_home
* Download a Java Development Kit (JDK) release (version 1.2 or later) from:

    http://java.sun.com/j2se/

* Install the JDK aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccording to the instructions included with the release.

* Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the directory
  into which you installed the JDK release.


(1) Download and Install the Tomcat 4.0 Binary Distribution
下載tomcat4，并解到某一目錄下，設置CATALINA_HOME 為tomcat的目錄。
NOTE:  As an alternative to downloading a binary distribution, you can create
your own from the Tomcat source repository, as described in "BUILDING.txt".
If you do this, the value to use for "${catalina.home}" will be the "dist"
subdirectory of your source distribution.

* Download a binary distribution of Tomcat from:

    http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/nightly/

  On a Windows platform, you will need:
    jakarta-tomcat-4.0-YYYYMMDD.zip

  On a Unix platform, you will need:
    jakarta-tomcat-4.0-YYYYMMDD.zip

* Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the
  distribution resides in its own directory (conventionally named
  "jakarta-tomcat-4.0").  For the purposes of the remainder of this document,
  the symbolic name "${catalina.home}" is used to refer to the full
  pathname of the release directory.


(2) Start Up Tomcat 4.0

There are two techniques by which Tomcat 4.0 can be started:

* Via an environment variable:
  - Set an environment variable CATALINA_HOME to the path of the directory
    into which you have installed Tomcat 4.0.
  - Execute the shell command:
根據不同的操作系統執行不同的命令來啟動tomcat
      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\startup             (Windows)

      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh           (Unix)

* By modifying your current working directory:
  - Execute the following shell commands:

      cd %CATALINA_HOME%\bin                  (Windows)
      startup                                 (Windows)

      cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin                   (Unix)
      ./startup.sh                            (Unix)

After startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat 4.0 will be
available by browsing:
好啦，現在可以訪問tomcat了。
    http://localhost:8080/

Further information about configuring and running Tomcat 4.0 can be found in
the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat web site:

    http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/


(3) Shut Down Tomcat 4.0

There are two techniques by which Tomcat 4.0 can be stopped:

* Via an environment variable:
  - Set an environment variable CATALINA_HOME to the path of the directory
    into which you have installed Tomcat 4.0.
  - Execute the shell command:
根據不同的操作系統執行不同的命令來啟動tomcat
      %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\shutdown            (Windows)

      $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh          (Unix)

* By modifying your current working directory:
  - Execute the following shell commands:

      cd %CATALINA_HOME%\bin                  (Windows)
      shutdown                                (Windows)

      cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin                   (Unix)
      ./shutdown.sh                           (Unix)


(4) Advanced Configuration - Multiple Tomcat 4 Instances
這部分一開始就不要看啦。
In many circumstances, it is desireable to have a single copy of a Tomcat 4
binary distribution shared among multiple users on the same server.  To make
this possible, you must configure a CATALINA_BASE environment variable (in
addition to CATALINA_HOME as described above) that points to a directory
that is unique to your instance.

When you do this, Tomcat 4 will calculate all relative references for files in
the following directories based on the value for CATALINA_BASE instead of
CATALINA_HOME:
配置目錄
* conf - Server configuration files (including server.xml)
日志
* logs - Log and output files
你的應用一般就放在這個目錄
* webapps - Automatically loaded web applications
這是工具目錄，JSP編譯后的臨時文件所在
* work - Temporary working directories for web applications

If you do not set CATALINA_BASE to an explicit value, it will be initialized
to the same value as is set for CATALINA_HOME (which means that the same
directory is used for all relative path resoluations).


(5) Troubleshooting:
常見問題
There are only really 3 things that can go wrong during the stand-alone
Tomcat 4.0 install:
8080端口被別的程序如webserver占用啦。
1) The most common hiccup is when another web server (or any process for that
   matter) has laid claim to port 8080.  This is the default HTTP port that
   Tomcat attempts to bind to at startup.  To change this, open the file:

       $CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml
    
   ...and search for ''8080''.  Change it to a port that isn''t in use, and is
   greater than 1024, as ports less than or equal to 1024 require superuser
   access to bind to.
   
   Restart Tomcat and you''re in business.  Be sure that you replace the "8080"
   in the URL you''re using to access Tomcat.  For example, if you change the
   port to 1977, you would request the URL http://localhost:1977/.

該死的98下才會出的問題
2) An "out of environment space" error when running the batch files in
   Win9X/ME-based operating systems.
右擊startup.bat和shutdown.bat文件，屬性－＞memory，初始內存中輸入4096。
   Right-click on the STARTUP.BAT and SHUTDOWN.BAT files.  Click on
   "Properties" then on the "Memory" tab.  For the "Initial environment" field,
   enter in something like 4096.
   
   After you click apply, Windows will create shortcuts in the directory with
   which you can use to start and stop the container.

機器名localhost找不到，不要理會下面的東西啦。一般來說，只要有網卡就不會出這個錯的。
3) The ''localhost'' machine isn''t found.  This could happen if you''re behing a
   proxy.  If that''s the case, make sure the proxy configuration for your
   browser knows that you shouldn''t be going through the proxy to access the
   "localhost" machine.
   
   In Netscape, this is under Edit/preferences -> Advanced/proxies, and in
   Internet Explorer, Tools -> Internet Options -> Connections -> LAN Settings.


這其實就是tomcat自己的文檔啦，呵呵，要養成看文檔的習慣哦！

原文轉自：http://www.anti-gravitydesign.com