Java單體測試工具cactus使用指南

1 cactus測試的原理
看下面這張圖，這是一個測試工具Cactus測試Servlet的過程，而在過去測試Servlet是很麻煩的。
1.首先，JUnit測試器執行YYYTestCase.runTest()，這個函數找到beginXXX(WebRequest)執行它，這個過程發生在客戶端。WebRequest作為參數，它包含了請求的HTTP頭、HTTP參數，它將被傳送到第2步的重定向代理器中。
2.YYYTestCase.runTest()建立一個到重定向代理器的HTTP鏈接. 上一步的WebRequest傳了過去。
3.從客戶端來看，重定向代理器好像是在服務器運行一樣。這意味著你的測試用例類將被實例兩次：一次是在客戶端（被JUnit測試器實例），另一次是在服務器端（被重定向代理器實例）?？蛻舳说膶嵗脕韴绦衎eginXXX()和endXXX()函數，服務器端實例用來執行第4步中的testXXX()函數。
4.setUp(), testXXX()和tearDown()被依次執行，它們被重定向代理器以reflection機制執行。當然，setUp()和tearDown()是可選的(就像在JUnit里一樣)。
5.你的testXXX()將調用服務器端代碼測試，并使用JUnit的斷言API來觀察執行效果(如assert(), assertEquals(), fail(), ...)
6.如果測試失敗，你的testXXX()函數拋出的異常將被重定向代理器捕獲。
7.如果出現異常，重定向代理器返回它的信息（包含名字，類，棧頂數據）到客戶端，然后異常信息將顯示在JUnit的測試器上。
8.如果沒有異常產生，YYYTestCase.runTest()函數則找到endXXX(org.apache.cactus.WebResponse)或endXXX(com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse) 函數執行。在全過程中，你有機會在endXXX()函數檢查HTTP頭，Cookies以及servlet的輸出流。

2.cactus 的安裝
文件下載地址:

http://www.javaresearch.org/oss/download/cactus/jakarta-cactus-12-1.6.1.zip

使用方式:

解壓壓縮包后將lib文件夾下的全部JAR添加到相關項目目錄(為保證確認,可以將路徑同時添加到classpath中),配置cactus.properties文件,修改cactus.contextURL值為所在webapp的起始路徑,同時將該文件放置到classpath路徑中

如例:

# Configuration file for Cactus.



# Each project using Cactus need to have such a file put in the client side

# CLASSPATH (Meaning the directory containgin this file should be in the client

# side CLASSPATH, not the file itself of course ... :) )



# Defines the URLs that will be used by Cactus to call it@#s redirectors

# (Servlet and JSP). You need to specify in these URLs the webapp context

# that you use for your application. In the example below, the context is

# "test".



cactus.contextURL = http://localhost:8080/Fund_Cafe

cactus.servletRedirectorName = ServletRedirector

cactus.enableLogging=true

修改WEB應用下web.xml文件添加相應的SERVLET映射

如例;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>debug</param-name>

<param-value>2</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>

<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>FORWARD_SERVLET</param-name>

<param-value>TS2</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.WAMServlet</servlet-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>debug</param-name>

<param-value>2</param-value>

</init-param>

<init-param>

<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>

<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>

</init-param>

<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/TS</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/TS2</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<resource-ref>

<description>Oracle DataSource example</description>

<res-ref-name>oraclePool</res-ref-name>

<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>

<res-auth>Container</res-auth>

</resource-ref>

</web-app>

3.實際舉例
被測試類: ForwardLauncher

測試類: Test

測試條件1:B=9914,S=123456789,ServerID=AA, BHD0001=1,E=0(程序正常路徑,顯示選擇菜單)

測試條件2:B=9914(程序異常路徑,顯示發生錯誤的頁面)

Test類內容如下:

package jp.co.abic.wam;



import java.io.IOException;



import javax.servlet.ServletException;



import jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher;



import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;

import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;

import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse;



/**

* @author sfluo

*

* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to

* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates

*/

public class Test extends ServletTestCase {





ForwardLauncher wamServlet=new ForwardLauncher();

public static void main(String[] args) {

junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Test.class);

}



/*

* @see TestCase#setUp()

*/

protected void setUp() throws Exception {



config.setInitParameter("FORWARD_SERVLET","TS2");

wamServlet.init(config);

}



/*

* @see TestCase#tearDown()

*/

protected void tearDown() throws Exception {

super.tearDown();

}



/*

* Class under test for void doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)

*/

public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebRequest theRequest){

theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");

theRequest.addParameter("S", "123456789");

theRequest.addParameter("ServerID", "AA");

theRequest.addParameter("BHD0001", "1");

theRequest.addParameter("E", "0");

}

public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA() {



try {



wamServlet.doGet(request,response);

} catch (ServletException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}



//TODO Implement doGet().

}

public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebResponse theResponse){

System.out.print(theResponse.getText());

}



public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebRequest theRequest){

theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");



}

public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB() {



try {



wamServlet.doGet(request,response);

} catch (ServletException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}



//TODO Implement doGet().

}

public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebResponse theResponse){

System.out.print(theResponse.getText());





}

}

詳細的api請參照相關的文檔,在文件目錄下均存在

原文轉自：http://www.anti-gravitydesign.com